[Now in the Universe] Containing millions of galaxies... 3D map of the universe revealed
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a large-scale international joint project that creates a 3D map of the universe using a spectrometer to identify dark energy, which accounts for most of the energy in the universe.
About 900 researchers from 70 institutions and 11 countries, including Korea, are participating. It is a telescope equipped with a multi-channel spectrometer consisting of 5,000 small fiber-optic robots located on the top of Kitt Peak in Arizona, USA, and precisely observes the spectrum of light from distant galaxies and studies dark energy. A 3D map
of the universe with the distances and directions of about 6 million galaxies and quasars created by the DESI research team. [Photo = DESI]
The international joint research team, including the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, has released the largest-ever 3D map of the universe as the first result of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) project.
The research team used DESI to observe the light of galaxies and quasars from up to 11 billion years ago from Earth over the past year. They measured how fast the universe expanded.
The research team measured the expansion history of the entire universe with a margin of error of 0.5%. This is the first time that the history of the early universe between 8 billion and 11 billion years ago has been accurately measured with a margin of error of 1%.
The baryons that spread out in the early universe appear as baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), which are acoustic waves of the early plasma of the universe that create high-density regions along the spherical surface, just like the waves created when a stone is thrown into a pond.
A telescope equipped with a multichannel spectrometer consisting of 5,000 small fiber-optic robots. [Photo = DESI]
Using the fact that this pattern expands along with the universe, they measured the changing radius of the BAO for seven different periods to reconstruct the history of the universe's evolution.
By combining DESI observation data, cosmic background radiation data, and supernova data, the research team derived the result that there is a more than 95% chance that dark energy is not fixed but changes over time.
The DESI research team plans to create a map of the universe that includes a total of 3 million quasars and 37 million galaxies.
Artist's impression of an image observed using the light from a quasar. [Photo = DESI]
Director Hyung-Mok Lee of the Gravitational Wave Cosmology Research Center (Professor of Astronomy and Physics at Seoul National University) explained, "This result from DESI is the result of the largest-ever three-dimensional analysis of the history of the early universe."
Dr. Shafiel-Alman of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute said, "Through the DESI project, we discovered that the properties of dark energy are very likely to change over time." "We expect that this observation data will play an important role in verifying various theories about the expansion of the universe and gravity, and in elucidating the nature of dark energy."
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