Low survival rate and recurrent brain tumor, the seed found

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and representative malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. It is considered a fatal disease with a low survival rate as most cases relapse within a year even after standard treatment including extensive brain resection.



A research team at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has discovered for the first time that glioblastoma has precancerous cells that have the potential to deteriorate into cancer cells.



KAIST (President Kwang-Hyung Lee) announced on the 21st that the research team led by Professor Jeong-Ho Lee of the Graduate School of Medical Science and Technology has identified 'precancerous cells' that are the source of glioblastoma evolution, recurrence , and treatment resistance.



It has been revealed that precancerous cells differentiate from cancer mutation-originating cells (brain stem cells) and play a key role in the evolution, recurrence, and formation of intratumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma. [Photo = KAIST]



In 2018, Professor Jeong-Ho Lee's research team discovered that glioblastoma originates from mutant stem cells deep in the brain. This was published in Nature.



This study clarified where the 'precancerous cells', which are the seeds of cancer, originate and how the cells that originate mutations differentiate. It also found that these precancerous cells create cancer cells of various types within the tumor and serve as the central axis for cancer recurrence.



In malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma, cancer cells coexist in a wide variety of forms and respond differently to treatment. This is called 'intratumoral heterogeneity'.



This heterogeneity is considered the biggest obstacle to the treatment of glioblastoma. This study clarified that the root of the intratumoral heterogeneity phenomenon is due to precancerous cells.



This study is expected to lay the foundation for a new treatment paradigm that can effectively suppress cancer evolution and recurrence by targeting precancerous



cells of glioblastoma. It is evaluated that precise customized treatment is possible by preemptively removing precancerous cells, which are the source of malignant brain tumors, rather than existing treatments that target the cancer cells themselves.



Sobagen, a startup company founded by teachers (CEO Park Chul-won), is researching and developing an innovative new drug for glioblastoma RNA treatment that suppresses cancer evolution and recurrence.



Dr. Hyun-Jeong Kim of KAIST Graduate School of Medical Science and Technology (Professor of Korea University College of Medicine), a female physician scientist and the sole first author of the paper, explained, "Precancerous cells are like 'seeds of cancer heterogeneity' that cause tumors to evolve into more complex and aggressive forms." "Understanding and targeting these precancerous cells could be the key to fundamentally overcoming glioblastoma."



The paper (title: Precancerous cells initiate glioblastoma evolution and contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity) was published in the April 16 issue of Cancer Discovery, an international academic journal in the field of cancer.





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